Question:

What is some information on anabolic steriods?

Comúnmente abusaron de los esteroides

La siguiente es una lista condensada de los esteroides de uso general y la categoría (oral o inyectable) en la que caen.

Esteroides orales:

Anadrol (oximetolona)
Oxandrin (oxandrolona)
Dianabol (metandrostenolona)
Winstrol (stanozolol)

Los esteroides inyectables:

Deca-Durabolin (decanoato de nandrolona)
Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate)
Depo-Testosterona (testosterona cipionato)
Equipoise (boldenona undecilenato)

Sistema cardiovascular

El abuso de esteroides ha sido asociado con enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), incluyendo ataques cardiacos y derrames cerebrales, incluso en atletas menores de 30 años. Los esteroides contribuyen al desarrollo de la ECV, en parte por cambiar los niveles de lipoproteínas que transportan el colesterol en la sangre. Los esteroides, particularmente los de tipo oral, aumentan el nivel de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y disminuyen el nivel de lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Altos de LDL y niveles bajos de HDL aumentan el riesgo de aterosclerosis, una condición en la que las sustancias grasas se depositan dentro de las arterias e interrumpen el flujo sanguíneo. Si la sangre no llegue al corazón, el resultado puede ser un ataque al corazón. Si la sangre no llegue al cerebro, el resultado puede ser un accidente cerebrovascular.

Los esteroides también aumentan el riesgo de que formen coágulos de sangre en los vasos sanguíneos, lo que podría interrumpir el flujo sanguíneo y dañando el músculo cardíaco de manera que no bombea la sangre con eficacia.

Infección

Muchos abusadores que se inyectan esteroides anabólicos utilizan técnicas de inyección no estériles o comparten agujas contaminadas con otros abusadores. Además, algunas preparaciones de esteroides están fabricadas ilegalmente en condiciones no estériles. Estos factores ponen a los abusadores en riesgo de adquirir infecciones potencialmente mortales virales, tales como el VIH y la hepatitis B y C. Los abusadores también pueden desarrollar endocarditis infecciosa, una enfermedad bacteriana que causa una inflamación potencialmente mortal del recubrimiento interno del corazón. Las infecciones bacterianas también pueden causar dolor y la formación de abscesos en los sitios de inyección.

Piel

El abuso de esteroides puede causar acné, quistes, y el pelo graso y la piel.

Musculoesqueléticos

El aumento del nivel de las hormonas sexuales testosterona y otros normalmente detona el crecimiento rápido que ocurre durante la pubertad y la adolescencia. Posteriormente, cuando estas hormonas llegan a ciertos niveles, señalan que los huesos dejan de crecer, encerrando a una persona en su altura máxima.

Cuando un niño o adolescente toma esteroides anabólicos, los niveles artificialmente altos de hormonas sexuales pueden ser señal de que los huesos dejan de crecer antes de lo que normalmente lo hubieran hecho.

Adicción

Un porcentaje indeterminado de los consumidores de esteroides se vuelven adictos a las drogas, como demuestra su continua a tomar los esteroides, a pesar de problemas físicos, efectos negativos en las relaciones sociales, o nerviosismo e irritabilidad. Además, gastan grandes cantidades de tiempo y dinero para obtener los medicamentos y experimentan síntomas de abstinencia como cambios de humor, fatiga, cansancio, pérdida del apetito, insomnio, disminución del deseo sexual, y el deseo de tomar más esteroides. El más peligroso de los síntomas de abstinencia es la depresión, porque a veces lleva a intentos de suicidio. Sin tratamiento, algunos de los síntomas depresivos asociados con la abstinencia de los esteroides anabólicos se sabe que persisten durante un año o más después de que el abusador deja de tomar los medicamentos.

Comportamiento

Los informes de casos y pequeños estudios indican que los esteroides anabólicos, especialmente en dosis altas, aumento de la irritabilidad y la agresión. Los abusadores que han cometido actos agresivos o delitos contra la propiedad generalmente informan de que participen en estas conductas con más frecuencia cuando se toman esteroides que cuando están libres de drogas.

Los esteroides anabólicos se ha informado también a causa de otros efectos del comportamiento, incluyendo la euforia, aumento de la energía, la excitación sexual, cambios de humor, distracción, olvido y confusión.

En resumen, la medida en que el abuso de esteroides contribuye a la violencia y los trastornos de comportamiento es desconocido. Al igual que con las complicaciones de salud del abuso de esteroides, la prevalencia de casos extremos de violencia y trastornos de conducta parece ser baja, pero puede ser subestimada o denuncian.

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